Selenium Web 自动化 - Selenium常用API
2016-08-01
目录
1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9.1 3.9.2 3.10 3.10.1 3.10.2 3.11 4 4.1 4.2 4.3
1 对浏览器操作
1.1 用webdriver打开一个浏览器
//打开firefox浏览器：WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); //打开IE浏览器WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver ();//打开HtmlUnit浏览器WebDriverdriver = new HtmlUnitDriver(); //打开chrome浏览器WebDriverdriver = new ChromeDriver();
1.2 最大化浏览器&关闭浏览器
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();driver.manage().window().maximize();driver.close();driver.quit();
1.3 设置浏览器窗口大小
private static void SetWindowTest(WebDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { // 设置窗口的 宽度为：800，高度为600 Dimension d = new Dimension(800, 600); driver.manage().window().setSize(d); Thread.sleep(2000); // 设置窗口最大化 driver.manage().window().maximize(); Thread.sleep(2000); // 设置窗口出现在屏幕上的坐标 Point p = new Point(500, 300); // 执行设置 driver.manage().window().setPosition(p); Thread.sleep(2000); } 1.4 打开测试页面
打开测试页面driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/");driver.navigate().to("http://www.baidu.com/"); //navigate方法会产生1个Navigator对象，其封装了与导航相关的一些方法，比如前进后退等 1.5 处理浏览器弹出的新窗口
private static void MutiWindowTest(WebDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { WebDriver newWindow = null ; driver.get("http://www.hao123.com/"); //浏览器最大化 driver.manage().window().maximize(); //获取当前页面句柄 String current_handles = driver.getWindowHandle(); //点击 百度链接 driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@data-title='百度']")).click(); //接下来会有新的窗口打开，获取所有窗口句柄 Set all_handles = driver.getWindowHandles(); //循环判断，把当前句柄从所有句柄中移除，剩下的就是你想要的新窗口 Iterator it = all_handles.iterator(); while(it.hasNext()){ if(current_handles == it.next()) continue; //跳入新窗口,并获得新窗口的driver - newWindow newWindow = driver.switchTo().window(it.next()); } //接下来在新页面进行操作，也就是百度首页，我们输入一个java关键字进行搜索 Thread.sleep(5000); WebElement baidu_keyowrd = newWindow.findElement(By.id("kw")); baidu_keyowrd.sendKeys("java"); Thread.sleep(1000); //关闭当前窗口，主要使用close而不是quite, newWindow.close(); driver.switchTo().window(current_handles); System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl()); } 2 页面元素定位
Webdriver提供下面两种方法来定位页面元素，参数是By对像，最常用是By.id和By.name查找。
- findElement 定位某个元素，如果没有找到元素会抛出异常:NoSuchElementException
- findElements 定位一组元素
例如需要定位如下元素：
//By.idWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("passwd-id"));//By.nameWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("passwd"));//By.xpathWebElement element =driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='passwd-id']")); //By.classNameWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className("input_class"));//By.cssSelectorWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".input_class"));//By.linkText//通俗点就是精确查询WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/"); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.linkText("百科"));//By.partialLinkText：//这个方法就是模糊查询WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/"); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("hao"));//By.tagNameWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/"); String test= driver.findElement(By.tagName("form")).getAttribute("name");System.out.println(test); 3 如何对页面元素进行操作
3.1 WebElement相关方法
| Method Summary | |
| void clear() | If this element is a text entry element, this will clear the value. |
| void click() | Click this element. |
| WebElement findElement(By by) | Find the first WebElement using the given method. |
| java.util.List<WebElement> findElement(By by) | Find all elements within the current context using the given mechanism. |
| java.lang.String getAttribute(java.lang.String name) | Get the value of a the given attribute of the element. |
| java.lang.String getCssValue(java.lang.String.propertyName) | Get the value of a given CSS property. |
| Point GetLocation() | Where on the page is the top left-hand corner of the rendered element? |
| Dimension getSize() | What is the width and height of the rendered element? |
| java.lang.String getTagName() | Get the tag name of this element. |
| java.lang.String getText() | Get the visible (i.e. not hidden by CSS) innerText of this element, including |
| sub-elements, without any leading or trailing whitespace. | |
| boolean isDisplayed() | Is this element displayed or not? This method avoids the problem of having to parse an element's "style" attribute. |
| boolean isEnabled() | Is the element currently enabled or not? This will generally return true for everything but disabled input elements. |
| boolean isSelected() | Determine whether or not this element is selected or not. |
| void sendKeys(java.lang.CharSequence... keysToSend) | Use this method to simulate typing into an element, which may set its value. |
| void submit() | If this current element is a form, or an element within a form, then this will be submitted to the remote server. |
3.2 iFrame的处理
driver.switchTo().frame(“city_set_ifr”); //传入的是iframe的IDdr.switchTo().defaultContent(); //如果要返回到以前的默认content
3.3 输入框（text field or textarea）
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("passwd-id"));element.sendKeys(“test”);//在输入框中输入内容：element.clear(); //将输入框清空element.getText(); //获取输入框的文本内容： 3.4 下拉选择框(Select)
Select select = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("select"))); select.selectByVisibleText(“A”);select.selectByValue(“1”); select.deselectAll();select.deselectByValue(“1”);select.deselectByVisibleText(“A”);select.getAllSelectedOptions();select.getFirstSelectedOption(); 示例：
package seleniumAPIDemo;import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select; public class SelectDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); iframeAndSelectTest(driver); driver.quit(); } private static void iframeAndSelectTest(WebDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { driver.get("http://www.2345.com/"); //浏览器最大化 driver.manage().window().maximize(); //点击切换按钮 driver.findElement(By.id("J_city_switch")).click(); //进入天气城市选择iframe driver.switchTo().frame("city_set_ifr"); Thread.sleep(2000); //然后在进行选择城市 //定位 省下拉框 Select province = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("province"))); province.selectByValue("20"); Thread.sleep(2000); //定位 城市下拉框 Select city = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("chengs"))); city.selectByIndex(0); Thread.sleep(2000); //定位区 Select region = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("cityqx"))); region.selectByVisibleText("X 新密"); Thread.sleep(2000); //点击定制按钮 driver.findElement(By.id("buttonsdm")).click(); Thread.sleep(2000); //返回默认的content driver.switchTo().defaultContent(); } } 3.5 单选项(Radio Button)
WebElement radio=driver.findElement(By.id("BookMode"));radio.click(); //选择某个单选项radio.clear(); //清空某个单选项radio.isSelected(); //判断某个单选项是否已经被选择 3.6 多选项(checkbox)
WebElement checkbox = driver.findElement(By.id("myCheckbox."));checkbox.click();checkbox.clear();checkbox.isSelected();checkbox.isEnabled(); 3.7 按钮(button)
WebElement btn= driver.findElement(By.id("save"));btn.click(); //点击按钮btn.isEnabled (); //判断按钮是否enable 3.8 处理Alert
弹出对话框(Popup dialogs)
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();alert.accept(); //确定alert.dismiss(); //取消alert.getText(); //获取文本
示例：
private static void alertTest(WebDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { driver.get("http://www.w3school.com.cn/tiy/t.asp?f=hdom_alert"); //浏览器最大化 driver.manage().window().maximize(); //进入frame driver.switchTo().frame("i"); //找到按钮并点击按钮 driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@value='显示消息框']")).click(); Thread.sleep(2000); //获取Alert Alert a = driver.switchTo().alert(); //打印出文本内容 System.out.println(a.getText()); //点击确定 Thread.sleep(2000); a.accept(); // 如果alert上有取消按钮，可以使用a.dismiss()代码 } 3.9 上传文件
3.9.1 元素标签是Input时上传方式
Upload.html文件内容如下：
代码如下：
private static void uploadTest1(WebDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { //打开上传的网页 - get中输入upload的地址 driver.get("D:\\DownLoad\\UploadTest\\upload.html"); WebElement e1 = driver.findElement(By.id("fileControl")); Thread.sleep(2000); //输入要上传文件的地址 e1.sendKeys("D:\\DownLoad\\UploadTest\\被上传的文件.txt"); Thread.sleep(2000); } 3.9.2 通过操作桌面浏览窗口上传
3.10 Selenium处理HTML5
3.10.1 处理Vedio
这就需要了解html5中vedio的相关方法了，可以参考
private static void html5VedioTest(WebDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { driver.get("http://videojs.com/"); Thread.sleep(2000); //找到vedio元素 WebElement vedio = driver.findElement(By.id("preview-player_html5_api")); //声明js执行器 JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; //对vedio这个元素执行播放操作 js.executeScript("arguments[0].play()", vedio); //为了观察效果暂停5秒 Thread.sleep(5000); //对vedio这个元素执行暂停操作 js.executeScript("arguments[0].pause()", vedio); //为了观察效果暂停2秒 Thread.sleep(2000); //对vedio这个元素执行播放操作 js.executeScript("arguments[0].play()", vedio); //为了观察效果暂停2秒 Thread.sleep(2000); //对vedio这个元素执行重新加载视频的操作 js.executeScript("arguments[0].load()", vedio); //为了观察效果暂停2秒 Thread.sleep(2000); } 3.10.2 处理Canvas
private static void Html5CanvasTest(WebDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { driver.get("http://literallycanvas.com/"); Thread.sleep(2000); //找到canvas元素 WebElement canvas = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='literally-canvas']//canvas[1]")); //声明一个操作类 Actions drawPen = new Actions(driver); //点击并保持不放鼠标 ，按照给定的坐标点移动 drawPen.clickAndHold(canvas).moveByOffset(20, 100).moveByOffset(100, 20).moveByOffset(-20, -100).moveByOffset(-100, -20).release().perform(); Thread.sleep(2000); } 3.11 表单(Form)
//Form中的元素的操作和其它的元素操作一样，对元素操作完成后对表单的提交可以：WebElement approve = driver.findElement(By.id("approve"));approve.click();//或approve.submit();//只适合于表单的提交 4 其他
4.1 等待元素加载
超时设置
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //识别元素时的超时时间driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //页面加载时的超时时间 driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //异步脚本的超时时间
- 硬性等待 Thread.sleep(int sleeptime);
- 智能等待
- 设置等待页面加载完毕
private static void waitElementTest(WebDriver driver) { //设置等待页面完全加载的时间是10秒，如果在10秒内加载完毕，剩余时间不在等待 driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/"); By inputBox = By.id("kw"); By searchButton = By.id("su"); //智能等待元素加载出来 intelligentWait(driver, 10, inputBox); //智能等待元素加载出来 intelligentWait(driver, 10, searchButton); //输入内容 driver.findElement(inputBox).sendKeys("JAVA"); //点击查询 driver.findElement(searchButton).click(); } public static void intelligentWait(WebDriver driver,int timeOut, final By by){ try { (new WebDriverWait(driver, timeOut)).until(new ExpectedCondition () { public Boolean apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement element = driver.findElement(by); return element.isDisplayed(); } }); } catch (TimeoutException e) { Assert.fail("超时!! " + timeOut + " 秒之后还没找到元素 [" + by + "]",e); } } 4.2 执行JS脚本
有时候我们需要JS脚本来辅助我们进行测试，比如我们用JS赋值或者用js执行点击操作等。执行JS脚本比较适用某些元素不易点击的情况下使用，比如网页内容太长，当前窗口太长，想要点击那些不在当前窗口可以看到元素可以用此方法。
private static void runJSTest1(WebDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { String js ="alert(\"hello,this is a alert!\")"; ((org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(js); Thread.sleep(2000); } private static void runJSTest2(WebDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/"); String js ="arguments[0].click();"; driver.findElement(By.id("kw")).sendKeys("JAVA"); WebElement searchButton = driver.findElement(By.id("su")); ((org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(js,searchButton); Thread.sleep(2000); } 4.3 模拟键盘操作
有时候有些元素不便点击或者做其他的操作，这个时候可以借助selenium提供的Actions类，它可以模拟鼠标和键盘的一些操作，比如点击鼠标右键，左键，移动鼠标等操作。对于这些操作，使用perform()方法进行执行。
private static void actionsTest(WebDriver driver) throws InterruptedException { // 设置等待页面完全加载的时间是10秒，如果在10秒内加载完毕，剩余时间不在等待 driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/"); By inputBox = By.id("kw"); By searchButton = By.id("su"); // 智能等待元素加载出来 intelligentWait(driver, 10, inputBox); // 智能等待元素加载出来 intelligentWait(driver, 10, searchButton); // 实例化action对象 Actions action = new Actions(driver); // 通过action模拟键盘输入java关键字到 输入框，只有使用了perform方法才会输入进去 action.sendKeys(driver.findElement(searchButton), "java").perform(); // 鼠标模拟移动到搜索按钮 action.moveToElement(driver.findElement(searchButton)).perform(); // 模拟点击操作 action.click().perform(); Thread.sleep(2000); }